Scale Overview
The James Internal-External Locus of Control Scale was developed by William H. James (1957). It is designed to measure Locus of Control. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 22 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Fate, Luck, Personal Control, Powerful Others.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Fate |
1,2,3,4,5,6 |
6 |
| Luck |
7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 |
10 |
| Personal Control |
17,18,19,20 |
4 |
| Powerful Others |
21,22 |
2 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 0 = Strongly disagree, 1 = Disagree, 2 = Agree, 3 = Strongly agree.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 0 to 66. Interpretation guidelines:
- Internal Locus of Control: 0 – 22
- Intermediate Locus of Control: 23 – 44
- External Locus of Control: 45 – 66
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.