Scale Overview
The Individual Protective Factors Index – IPFI was developed by J. Phillips & F. Springer (1992). It is designed to measure Individual Protective Factors. The scale is intended for use with Students in grades 7-11.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 52 items organized into 8 factors/subscales: Control – Self-Efficacy, Control – Self-Control, Positive Outlook, Self-Concept, Self-Confidence, Presence of Caring, Conflict Resolution – Cooperation, Family Bonding.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Control – Self-Efficacy |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 |
7 |
| Control – Self-Control |
8,9,10,11,12,13 |
6 |
| Positive Outlook |
14,15,16,17,18,19 |
6 |
| Self-Concept |
20,21,22,23,24,25 |
6 |
| Self-Confidence |
26,27,28,29,30,31 |
6 |
| Presence of Caring |
32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40 |
9 |
| Conflict Resolution – Cooperation |
41,42,43,44,45,46 |
6 |
| Family Bonding |
47,48,49,50,51,52 |
6 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = NO!, 2 = no, 3 = yes, 4 = YES!.
The scale includes 21 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.