Scale Overview
The Individual Protective Factors Index – IPFI was developed by John Phillips, Fred Springer (1992). It is designed to measure Individual protective factors and resilience. The scale is intended for use with Adolescents (grades 7-11).
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 52 items organized into 6 factors/subscales: Control, Positive Outlook, Self-Concept, Presence of Caring, Conflict Resolution, Family Bonding.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Control |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 |
13 |
| Positive Outlook |
14,15,16,17,18,19 |
6 |
| Self-Concept |
20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31 |
12 |
| Presence of Caring |
32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40 |
9 |
| Conflict Resolution |
8,9,10,11,12,13,41,42,43,44,45,46 |
12 |
| Family Bonding |
47,48,49,50,51,52 |
6 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 4 = YES!, 3 = yes, 2 = no, 1 = NO!.
The scale includes 21 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 52 to 208. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Protective Factors: 52 – 104
- Moderate Protective Factors: 105 – 156
- High Protective Factors: 157 – 208
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.