Goal and Process Clarity Scale (GPCS)
Measures two dimensions of role ambiguity: clarity about job outcome goals and objectives, and clarity about job processes.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Goal and Process Clarity Scale (GPCS) was developed by John E. Sawyer (1992). It is designed to measure Role Ambiguity. The scale is intended for use with Working adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 10 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Goal Clarity, Process Clarity.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Goal Clarity | 1,2,3,4,5 | 5 |
| Process Clarity | 6,7,8,9,10 | 5 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Very uncertain, 2 = Uncertain, 3 = Slightly uncertain, 4 = Slightly certain, 5 = Certain, 6 = Very certain.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 10 to 60. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Clarity: 10 – 25
- Moderate Clarity: 26 – 45
- High Clarity: 46 – 60
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Goal clarity alpha = .92, Process clarity alpha = .90.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 3 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.