German Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire – Self-Report Version (MLQ-5X German)
Measures transformational, transactional, and passive-avoidant leadership styles.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The German Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire – Self-Report Version (MLQ-5X German) was developed by Jörg Felfe & Katja Goihl (based on Bernard M. Bass & Bruce J. Avolio) (2001). It is designed to measure Leadership Styles. The scale is intended for use with Leaders and managers.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 25 items organized into 8 factors/subscales: Contingent Reward, Management by Exception – Active, Management by Exception – Passive, Idealized Influence (Attributed), Idealized Influence (Behavioral), Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Contingent Reward | 1,2,3,4 | 4 |
| Management by Exception – Active | 5,6,7 | 3 |
| Management by Exception – Passive | 8,9 | 2 |
| Idealized Influence (Attributed) | 10,11 | 2 |
| Idealized Influence (Behavioral) | 12,13,14 | 3 |
| Inspirational Motivation | 15,16,17,18 | 4 |
| Intellectual Stimulation | 19,20,21 | 3 |
| Individualized Consideration | 22,23,24,25 | 4 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha = .81 to .92.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.