German Managerial Practice Survey (GMPS)
Measures leadership behavior across four meta-categories: task-orientation, relation-orientation, change-orientation, and external orientation.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The German Managerial Practice Survey (GMPS) was developed by Gary Yukl (adapted) (2020). It is designed to measure Leadership Behavior. The scale is intended for use with Managers and Leaders.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 15 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Task Orientation, Relation Orientation, Change Orientation, External Orientation.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Task Orientation | 1,2,3,4 | 4 |
| Relation Orientation | 5,6,7,8 | 4 |
| Change Orientation | 9,10,11,12 | 4 |
| External Orientation | 13,14,15 | 3 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 0 = Not at all, 25 = Very little, 50 = Somewhat, 75 = To a high degree, 100 = To a very high degree.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 0 to 100. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low presence of leadership behaviors: 0 – 33
- Moderate presence of leadership behaviors: 34 – 66
- High presence of leadership behaviors: 67 – 100
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's Alpha = .70 – .81; McDonald's Omega = .71 – .82.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 4 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.