Scale Overview
The Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale – GESS was developed by Bobbi Fibel, W. Daniel Hale (1978). It is designed to measure Generalized expectancy for success. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 30 items organized into 3 factors/subscales: General efficacy, Long career oriented, Personal problem solving.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| General efficacy |
4,8,9,10,12,13,15,16,21,22 |
10 |
| Long career oriented |
14,17,24,25,26,29,30 |
7 |
| Personal problem solving |
3,5,6,11,19,20,23,28 |
8 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Highly improbable, 2 = Improbable, 3 = Equally improbable and probable, not sure, 4 = Probable, 5 = Highly probable.
The scale includes 13 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 30 to 150. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low expectancy for success: 30 – 70
- Moderate expectancy for success: 71 – 110
- High expectancy for success: 111 – 150
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Alpha coefficients typically range from .90 to .92.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.