Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire – FFMQ
Measures five distinct facets of mindfulness: observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire – FFMQ was developed by Ruth A. Baer, Gregory T. Smith, Jaclyn Hopkins, Jennifer Krietemeyer, Leslie Toney (2006). It is designed to measure Mindfulness. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 39 items organized into 5 factors/subscales: Observe, Describe, Act with Awareness, Nonjudge, Nonreact.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Observe | 1,6,11,15,20,26,31,36 | 8 |
| Describe | 2,7,12,16,22,27,32,37 | 8 |
| Act with Awareness | 5,8,13,18,23,28,34,38 | 8 |
| Nonjudge | 3,10,14,17,25,30,35,39 | 8 |
| Nonreact | 4,9,19,21,24,29,33 | 7 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Never or very rarely true, 2 = Rarely true, 3 = Sometimes true, 4 = Often true, 5 = Very often true.
The scale includes 19 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 39 to 195. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Mindfulness: 39 – 90
- Moderate Mindfulness: 91 – 143
- High Mindfulness: 144 – 195
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha ranges from .75 to .91 for the subscales.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.