Family Pressure Scale-Ethnic (FPRES-E)

Increase of husband/father's time away from family

A child member was treated badly because of racial prejudice

A member did not get a job because of racial prejudice

Close relative or friend of the family became seriously ill

A member became physically disabled or chronically ill

Increased difficulty in managing a chronically ill or disabled member

Member or close relative was committed to an institution or nursing home

Increased difficulty in resolving issues with a 'former' or separated spouse

Increased responsibility to provide direct care or financial help to husband's and/or wife's parent(s)

A parent/spouse died

A child member died

Death of husband's or wife's parent or close relative

Increased difficulty with sexual relationship between husband and wife

Married son or daughter was separated or divorced

A member went to jail or juvenile detention

A member was picked up by police or arrested

Physical or sexual abuse or violence in the home

Delay in receiving child support or alimony payments

A member ran away from home

A member dropped out of school or was suspended from school

We worry that our ethnicity/roots are dying

A member appears to have emotional problems

We worry that we are losing our ethnic values

A member appears to depend on alcohol or drugs

We worry that the land we were promised will never come to us

Increase in conflict between husband and wife

Worry that our children aren't interested in the family ethnicity/roots

Increase in arguments between parent(s) and child(ren)

We worry that use of our native language will fade away

Increase in conflict among children in the family

We worry that tension/conflict in the home hurts children’s learning

Increase disagreement about a member's friends or activities

We worry that parents are not able to spend time with children to encourage learning

Increase in the number of problems or issues which don’t get resolved

We worry that children want to quit school early

Increase in the number of tasks or chores which don't get done

We worry about children joining neighborhood/city gangs

Spouse had unwanted or difficult pregnancy

Worry that children will join groups abusing alcohol/drugs

An unmarried member became pregnant

We worry that jobs will not be available for children in the future

A member had an abortion

We worry that they will not have enough money for the children’s education

A member gave birth to or adopted a child

We worry that the family will not be able to take care of the elders in the future

We worry that the elders will become a burden upon the children in the future

Went on welfare

Increased conflict with in-laws or relatives

Took out a loan or refinanced a loan to cover increased expenses

Increased strain on family 'money' for medical/dental expenses

Purchased or built a home

A member purchased a car or other major item

A member changed to a new job/career

Increasing financial debts due to overuse of credit cards

Increased strain on family 'money' for food, clothing, energy, home care

A member lost or quit a job

Increased strain on family 'money' for child(ren)'s education

Decrease in satisfaction with job/career

A member started or returned to work

A member had increased difficulty with people at work

Family moved to a new home/apartment

A member stopped working for extended period (e.g., laid off, leave of absence, strike)

Experienced difficulty in arranging for satisfactory child care

We worry that they cannot pay for health insurance in the future