Family Pressure Scale-Ethnic (FPRES-E)
Measures the level of stress, pressures, and ethnic-specific challenges experienced by families.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Family Pressure Scale-Ethnic (FPRES-E) was developed by Hamilton I. McCubbin, Anne I. Thompson, & Kelly M. Elver (1993). It is designed to measure Family stress and ethnic-specific pressures. The scale is intended for use with Families (particularly ethnic minority families).
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 64 items organized into 7 factors/subscales: Marital & Family Strains, Ethnic & Cultural Strains, Illness & Caregiving Strains, Losses, Legal & Behavioral Strains, Developmental & Transition Strains, Financial & Work Strains.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Marital & Family Strains | 1,8,13,26,28,30,31,32,33,34,36,48 | 12 |
| Ethnic & Cultural Strains | 2,3,21,23,25,27,29 | 7 |
| Illness & Caregiving Strains | 4,5,6,7,9,45,46 | 7 |
| Losses | 10,11,12 | 3 |
| Legal & Behavioral Strains | 15,16,17,18,19,20,22,24,35,37,39 | 11 |
| Developmental & Transition Strains | 14,38,40,42,44,51,61,63 | 8 |
| Financial & Work Strains | 41,43,47,49,50,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,62,64 | 16 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Not a problem, 2 = Small problem, 3 = Medium problem, 4 = Large problem.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 64 to 256. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Family Pressure: 64 – 128
- Moderate Family Pressure: 129 – 192
- High Family Pressure: 193 – 256
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.