Family Environment Scale – FES
Measures the social-environmental characteristics of families across three overarching dimensions: Relationship, Personal Growth, and System Maintenance.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Family Environment Scale – FES was developed by Rudolf H. Moos & Bernice S. Moos (1974). It is designed to measure Family Social Environment. The scale is intended for use with Families (adolescents and adults).
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 90 items organized into 10 factors/subscales: Cohesion, Expressiveness, Conflict, Independence, Achievement Orientation, Intellectual-Cultural Orientation, Active-Recreational Orientation, Moral-Religious Emphasis, Organization, Control.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Cohesion | 1,11,21,31,41,51,61,71,81 | 9 |
| Expressiveness | 2,12,22,32,42,52,62,72,82 | 9 |
| Conflict | 3,13,23,33,43,53,63,73,83 | 9 |
| Independence | 4,14,24,34,44,54,64,74,84 | 9 |
| Achievement Orientation | 5,15,25,35,45,55,65,75,85 | 9 |
| Intellectual-Cultural Orientation | 6,16,26,36,46,56,66,76,86 | 9 |
| Active-Recreational Orientation | 7,17,27,37,47,57,67,77,87 | 9 |
| Moral-Religious Emphasis | 8,18,28,38,48,58,68,78,88 | 9 |
| Organization | 9,19,29,39,49,59,69,79,89 | 9 |
| Control | 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 | 9 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a dichotomous True/False format.
The scale includes 36 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 0 to 9. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Subscale Score: 0 – 3
- Average Subscale Score: 4 – 6
- High Subscale Score: 7 – 9
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Subscale internal consistencies range from 0.61 to 0.78.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.