Scale Overview
The Enabling School Structure – ESS was developed by Wayne K. Hoy & Scott R. Sweetland (2000). It is designed to measure Enabling School Structure. The scale is intended for use with Teachers and school administrators.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 12 items.
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Never, 2 = Once in a while, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Fairly Often, 5 = Always.
The scale includes 6 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Item scores are averaged to produce a mean score.
Total scores range from 12 to 60. Interpretation guidelines:
- Highly Coercive School Structure: 12 – 24
- Moderately Coercive School Structure: 25 – 36
- Moderately Enabling School Structure: 37 – 48
- Highly Enabling School Structure: 49 – 60
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Alpha coefficients typically range from .90 to .96.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.