Disapproval of Drug Use Scale – DDUS (Monitoring the Future)
Measures the respondent's level of personal disapproval toward the use of various licit and illicit substances.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Disapproval of Drug Use Scale – DDUS (Monitoring the Future) was developed by Lloyd D. Johnston, Patrick M. O’Malley, & Jerald G. Bachman (2001). It is designed to measure Disapproval of drug use. The scale is intended for use with Adolescents and young adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 16 items organized into 6 factors/subscales: Tobacco Disapproval, Marijuana Disapproval, Cocaine Disapproval, Alcohol Disapproval, Inhalants Disapproval, Heroin Disapproval.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Tobacco Disapproval | 1,2 | 2 |
| Marijuana Disapproval | 3,4,5 | 3 |
| Cocaine Disapproval | 6,7,8,9 | 4 |
| Alcohol Disapproval | 10,11,12 | 3 |
| Inhalants Disapproval | 13,14 | 2 |
| Heroin Disapproval | 15,16 | 2 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Don't disapprove, 2 = Disapprove, 3 = Strongly disapprove, 0 = Can't say or drug unfamiliar.
Scoring
Item scores are averaged to produce a mean score.
Total scores range from 1 to 3. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Disapproval (High Tolerance): 1 – 1
- Moderate Disapproval: 1 – 2
- High Disapproval (Low Tolerance): 2 – 3
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.