Scale Overview
The Differential Loneliness Scale – DLS was developed by Schmidt, N. & Sermat, V. (1983). It is designed to measure Loneliness. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 60 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Romantic/sexual relationships, Friendships, Family relationships, Relationships with the community.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Romantic/sexual relationships |
5,9,15,18,21,28,31,35,41,45,52,58 |
12 |
| Friendships |
3,4,7,11,13,16,19,22,23,24,26,30,33,37,39,43,46,48,51,53,55,60 |
22 |
| Family relationships |
1,6,10,14,20,25,29,32,34,36,40,42,44,47,50,54,57,59 |
18 |
| Relationships with the community |
2,8,12,17,27,38,49,56 |
8 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a dichotomous True/False format.
The scale includes 26 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 0 to 60. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Loneliness: 0 – 20
- Moderate Loneliness: 21 – 40
- High Loneliness: 41 – 60
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.