Current and Retrospective Cognitive Reserve Survey (2CR)
A multidimensional instrument designed to quantify cognitive reserve proxies across current and retrospective life stages.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Current and Retrospective Cognitive Reserve Survey (2CR) was developed by Erika Borella, Paolo Ghisletta, Elena Carbone, Stephen Aichele (2023). It is designed to measure Cognitive Reserve. The scale is intended for use with Older adults (aged 55 and older).
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 56 items organized into 5 factors/subscales: Socio-economic status, Family engagement, Leisure activity, Social engagement, Religious/spiritual activity.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Socio-economic status | 1,2,3,4 | 4 |
| Family engagement | 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 | 9 |
| Leisure activity | 14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44 | 18 |
| Social engagement | 23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52 | 17 |
| Religious/spiritual activity | 32,33,34,35,53,54,55,56 | 8 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 0 = Never, 1 = Seldom (Yearly), 2 = Sometimes (Monthly), 3 = Often (Weekly), 4 = Always (Daily).
The scale includes 1 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 0 to 250. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Cognitive Reserve: 0 – 100
- Moderate Cognitive Reserve: 101 – 180
- High Cognitive Reserve: 181 – 250
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not reported.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.