Scale Overview
The Courage to Challenge Scale – CCS was developed by Smith, M. S., & Gray, S. W. (2009). It is designed to measure Hardiness. The scale is intended for use with LGBT adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 18 items.
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Mildly Disagree, 4 = Neutral, 5 = Mildly Agree, 6 = Agree, 7 = Strongly Agree.
The scale includes 1 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 18 to 126. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Hardiness: 18 – 54
- Moderate Hardiness: 55 – 90
- High Hardiness: 91 – 126
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified in the source text.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.