Scale Overview
The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations – CISS-21 was developed by Norman S. Endler & James D. A. Parker (1990). It is designed to measure Coping styles. The scale is intended for use with Adolescents and adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 21 items organized into 3 factors/subscales: Task-oriented coping, Emotion-oriented coping, Avoidance coping.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Task-oriented coping |
2,6,8,11,13,16,19 |
7 |
| Emotion-oriented coping |
3,5,10,12,14,17,20 |
7 |
| Avoidance coping |
1,4,7,9,15,18,21 |
7 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 7 to 35. Interpretation guidelines:
- Subscale score range (calculated separately for each of the three dimensions): 7 – 35
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified in source text.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.