Congregation Climate Scales – CCS
Measures the psychosocial climate and organizational personality of religious congregations across five dimensions.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Congregation Climate Scales – CCS was developed by Kenneth I. Pargament, William Silverman, Stephen Johnson, Ruben Echemendia, & Susan Snyder (1983). It is designed to measure Congregation Climate. The scale is intended for use with Congregation members and clergy.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 49 items organized into 5 factors/subscales: Openness to Change, Activity, Stability, Organization and Clarity, Sense of Community.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Openness to Change | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 | 10 |
| Activity | 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 | 10 |
| Stability | 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29 | 9 |
| Organization and Clarity | 30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39 | 10 |
| Sense of Community | 40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49 | 10 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Not at all descriptive, 2 = Somewhat descriptive, 3 = Pretty much descriptive, 4 = Very much descriptive, 5 = Completely descriptive.
The scale includes 25 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 1 to 5. Interpretation guidelines:
- In need of improvement: 1 – 2
- Moderate climate: 2 – 3
- Positive climate: 3 – 5
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha: Openness to Change (.76), Order/Clarity (.72), Sense of Community (.78), Activity (.77), Stability (.76).
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.