Character Strengths and Entrepreneurial Alertness Model (CS-EAM)
Measures how the character strengths of valor, industriousness, and critical thinking influence dimensions of entrepreneurial alertness (scanning/search, association/connection, and evaluation/judgment) in student and entrepreneur populations.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Character Strengths and Entrepreneurial Alertness Model (CS-EAM) was developed by Homa Pirhadi, Sohrab Soleimanof, Alireza Feyzbakhsh (2023). It is designed to measure Character Strengths and Entrepreneurial Alertness. The scale is intended for use with Students and Entrepreneurs.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 36 items organized into 12 factors/subscales: Valor (Student), Industriousness (Student), Critical Thinking (Student), Scanning and Search (Student), Association and Connection (Student), Evaluation and Judgment (Student), Valor (Entrepreneur), Industriousness (Entrepreneur), Critical Thinking (Entrepreneur), Scanning and Search (Entrepreneur), Association and Connection (Entrepreneur), Evaluation and Judgment (Entrepreneur).
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Valor (Student) | 1,2,3 | 3 |
| Industriousness (Student) | 4,5,6 | 3 |
| Critical Thinking (Student) | 7,8,9 | 3 |
| Scanning and Search (Student) | 10,11,12 | 3 |
| Association and Connection (Student) | 13,14,15 | 3 |
| Evaluation and Judgment (Student) | 16,17,18 | 3 |
| Valor (Entrepreneur) | 19,20,21 | 3 |
| Industriousness (Entrepreneur) | 22,23,24 | 3 |
| Critical Thinking (Entrepreneur) | 25,26,27 | 3 |
| Scanning and Search (Entrepreneur) | 28,29,30 | 3 |
| Association and Connection (Entrepreneur) | 31,32,33 | 3 |
| Evaluation and Judgment (Entrepreneur) | 34,35,36 | 3 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 3 to 21. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Subscale Score: 3 – 9
- Moderate Subscale Score: 10 – 15
- High Subscale Score: 16 – 21
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha: 0.74-0.87.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.