Scale Overview
The Attitudes Toward Self – ATS was developed by Charles S. Carver, L. La Voie, J. Kuhl, & R. J. Ganellen (1988). It is designed to measure Self-regulatory vulnerabilities to depression. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 10 items organized into 3 factors/subscales: High Standards, Self-Criticism, Generalization.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| High Standards |
1,4,7 |
3 |
| Self-Criticism |
3,6,9 |
3 |
| Generalization |
2,5,8,10 |
4 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = I agree a lot, 2 = I agree a little, 3 = I'm in the middle–I neither agree nor disagree, 4 = I DISagree a little, 5 = I DISagree a lot.
The scale includes 9 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 3 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.