Attitudes Toward Blacks – ATB
Measures racial attitudes of individuals toward Black people across social, affective, and policy dimensions.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Attitudes Toward Blacks – ATB was developed by John C. Brigham (1993). It is designed to measure Racial Attitudes. The scale is intended for use with Adults and college students.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 20 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Social Distance, Affective Reactions, Governmental Policy, Worry about Reverse Discrimination.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Social Distance | 1,2,3,4,5,7,10 | 7 |
| Affective Reactions | 6,8,11,12,17,20 | 6 |
| Governmental Policy | 9,13,14,15,16,19 | 6 |
| Worry about Reverse Discrimination | 18 | 1 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 10 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Item scores are averaged to produce a mean score.
Total scores range from 1 to 7. Interpretation guidelines:
- High Prejudice / Negative Attitudes: 1 – 3
- Moderate / Neutral Attitudes: 3 – 5
- Low Prejudice / Positive Attitudes: 5 – 7
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha of 0.82.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.