Anti-Semitism Scale – A-S Scale
Measures anti-Semitic attitudes across personal, social, and political dimensions.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Anti-Semitism Scale – A-S Scale was developed by Daniel J. Levinson & R. Nevitt Sanford (1944). It is designed to measure Anti-Semitism. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 52 items organized into 6 factors/subscales: Jews as personally offensive, Jews as socially threatening, Attitudes about what should be done to or against Jews, Jews as being too seclusive, Jews as being too intrusive, Neutral.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Jews as personally offensive | 1,4,7,10,13,16,27,30,33,36,39,42 | 12 |
| Jews as socially threatening | 2,5,8,11,14,28,31,34,37,40 | 10 |
| Attitudes about what should be done to or against Jews | 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50 | 16 |
| Jews as being too seclusive | 17,20,23,43,46,49 | 6 |
| Jews as being too intrusive | 19,25,45,51 | 4 |
| Neutral | 22,26,48,52 | 4 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: +3 = Strong agreement, +2 = Moderate agreement, +1 = Slight agreement, -1 = Slight disagreement, -2 = Moderate disagreement, -3 = Strong disagreement.
The scale includes 1 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 52 to 364. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Anti-Semitic Prejudice: 52 – 156
- Moderate Anti-Semitic Prejudice: 157 – 260
- High Anti-Semitic Prejudice: 261 – 364
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.92.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 20 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.