Scale Overview
The Alienation Scale for Visually Impaired Students – AL-VI was developed by Poonam Punia and Sandeep Berwal (2017). It is designed to measure Alienation. The scale is intended for use with Visually impaired students.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 45 items organized into 6 factors/subscales: Powerlessness, Meaninglessness, Normlessness, Social isolation, Self-estrangement, Cultural estrangement.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Powerlessness |
1,2,15,16,29,43,44 |
7 |
| Meaninglessness |
14,27,28,39,40,41,42,45 |
8 |
| Normlessness |
13,24,25,26,37,38 |
6 |
| Social isolation |
3,4,5,12,20,21,22,23,34,35,36 |
11 |
| Self-estrangement |
6,7,10,11,18,19,32,33 |
8 |
| Cultural estrangement |
8,9,17,30,31 |
5 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Strongly agree, 2 = Agree, 3 = Undecided, 4 = Disagree, 5 = Strongly disagree.
The scale includes 22 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 45 to 225. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Alienation: 45 – 105
- Moderate Alienation: 106 – 165
- High Alienation: 166 – 225
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified in source text.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.