Affinity and Animosity in Solidarity with Ukraine and Hospitality Outcomes – Model (AASUHO-M)
Measures the role of place solidarity, affinity, and animosity on hospitality outcomes in the context of the conflict in Ukraine.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Affinity and Animosity in Solidarity with Ukraine and Hospitality Outcomes – Model (AASUHO-M) was developed by Alexander Josiassen, Florian Kock, A. George Assaf, Adiyukh Berbekova (2023). It is designed to measure Place Solidarity, Affinity, Animosity, Philantourism, and Rejection of Russian-Accepting Hotels. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 29 items organized into 8 factors/subscales: Place Solidarity, Affinity – Sympathy, Affinity – Admiration, Affinity – Attachment, Animosity – Contending, Animosity – Accommodating, Philantourism, Rejection of Russian-accepting hotels.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Place Solidarity | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 | 8 |
| Affinity – Sympathy | 9,10,11,12 | 4 |
| Affinity – Admiration | 13,14,15 | 3 |
| Affinity – Attachment | 16,17,18,19 | 4 |
| Animosity – Contending | 20,21,22,23 | 4 |
| Animosity – Accommodating | 24,25,26,27 | 4 |
| Philantourism | 28 | 1 |
| Rejection of Russian-accepting hotels | 29 | 1 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Composite Reliability > 0.69.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 8 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.