any state of the eye which hinders rays of light from centering one’s vision appropriately upon the retina.
OPTICAL DEFECT: “Optical defects generally result in vision loss.”
Cite this article
mohammad looti (2025). OPTICAL DEFECT. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Retrieved from https://scales.arabpsychology.com/trm/optical-defect/
mohammad looti. "OPTICAL DEFECT." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 27 Oct. 2025, https://scales.arabpsychology.com/trm/optical-defect/.
mohammad looti. "OPTICAL DEFECT." PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, 2025. https://scales.arabpsychology.com/trm/optical-defect/.
mohammad looti (2025) 'OPTICAL DEFECT', PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. Available at: https://scales.arabpsychology.com/trm/optical-defect/.
[1] mohammad looti, "OPTICAL DEFECT," PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES, vol. X, no. Y, ص Z-Z, October, 2025.
mohammad looti. OPTICAL DEFECT. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALES. 2025;vol(issue):pages.