Generalized Ethnocentrism Scale – GENE
Measures ethnocentrism, the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Generalized Ethnocentrism Scale – GENE was developed by James W. Neuliep & James C. McCroskey (1997). It is designed to measure Ethnocentrism. The scale is intended for use with General population.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 22 items.
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 3 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 15 to 75. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Ethnocentrism: 15 – 35
- Moderate Ethnocentrism: 36 – 55
- High Ethnocentrism: 56 – 75
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.92.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.