Enright Forgiveness Inventory – U.S. Version (EFI-US)
Measures the degree to which a respondent has forgiven a specific offender who has hurt or offended them across affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Enright Forgiveness Inventory – U.S. Version (EFI-US) was developed by Robert D. Enright, Matthew J. Subkoviak (1995). It is designed to measure Interpersonal Forgiveness. The scale is intended for use with Adolescents and adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 6 items organized into 6 factors/subscales: Negative Affect, Positive Affect, Negative Cognition, Positive Cognition, Negative Behavior, Positive Behavior.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Affect | 1 | 1 |
| Positive Affect | 2 | 1 |
| Negative Cognition | 3 | 1 |
| Positive Cognition | 4 | 1 |
| Negative Behavior | 5 | 1 |
| Positive Behavior | 6 | 1 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Slightly Disagree, 4 = Slightly Agree, 5 = Agree, 6 = Strongly Agree.
The scale includes 3 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 60 to 360. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Forgiveness: 60 – 200
- Moderate Forgiveness: 201 – 300
- High Forgiveness: 301 – 360
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.93 – 0.98.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.