Educational Work Components Study – EWCS
Measures work motivation and job desirability factors among school personnel.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Educational Work Components Study – EWCS was developed by Cecil G. Miskel, Leonard E. Heller (1973). It is designed to measure Work Motivation. The scale is intended for use with School administrators, teachers, and education students.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 56 items organized into 6 factors/subscales: Potential for personal challenge and development, Competitiveness desirability and reward of success, Tolerance for work pressure, Conservative security, Willingness to seek reward in spite of uncertainty vs. avoidance of uncertainty, Surround concern.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Potential for personal challenge and development | 13,24,31,34,39,42,45,56 | 8 |
| Competitiveness desirability and reward of success | 3,11,21,35,37,49,52 | 7 |
| Tolerance for work pressure | 7,12,18,22,27,28,43,48,50 | 9 |
| Conservative security | 2,10,14,15,20,26,33,36,41,47,54 | 11 |
| Willingness to seek reward in spite of uncertainty vs. avoidance of uncertainty | 1,4,6,9,19,25,32,40,46,53 | 10 |
| Surround concern | 5,8,16,17,23,29,30,38,44,51,55 | 11 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Extremely Undesirable. Would never take the job, 2 = Undesirable. Would avoid the job, 3 = Neither Desirable or Undesirable, 4 = Desirable. Would favor the job, 5 = Extremely Desirable. Would favor job greatly.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Alpha coefficients for subscales ranged from 0.73 to 0.83.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.