Scale Overview
The Women as Managers Scale – WAMS was developed by Peters, L. H., Terborg, J. R., & Taynor, J. (1974). It is designed to measure Attitudes toward women in management positions. The scale is intended for use with Adults, employees, and students.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 21 items.
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Slightly Disagree, 4 = Neither Disagree nor Agree, 5 = Slightly Agree, 6 = Agree, 7 = Strongly Agree.
The scale includes 10 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 21 to 147. Interpretation guidelines:
- Unfavorable attitudes toward women as managers: 21 – 63
- Neutral/Moderate attitudes toward women as managers: 64 – 105
- Favorable attitudes toward women as managers: 106 – 147
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.91.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.