Principals’ Analysis of Their Supervisory Styles (PASS)
Measures school principals' self-perceptions of their supervisory styles, practices, and behaviors across six dimensions.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Principals’ Analysis of Their Supervisory Styles (PASS) was developed by Smalt, R. M. (1997). It is designed to measure Principals’ supervisory styles. The scale is intended for use with School principals.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 67 items organized into 6 factors/subscales: Purposes of Supervision, Structure and Procedures during Supervision in My School, Supervisory Practices and Behaviors, Promoting Trusting Relationships, The Transformational Supervisor, Nurturing Reflective Thinking in My School.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Purposes of Supervision | 1,2,3,4,5 | 5 |
| Structure and Procedures during Supervision in My School | 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 | 11 |
| Supervisory Practices and Behaviors | 17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24 | 8 |
| Promoting Trusting Relationships | 25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32 | 8 |
| The Transformational Supervisor | 33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54 | 22 |
| Nurturing Reflective Thinking in My School | 55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67 | 13 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Total alpha = 0.95; Subscales: Purposes (0.78), Structure (0.91), Practices (0.80), Trust (0.81), Transformational (0.93), Reflective (0.86).
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.