Scale Overview
The Total Quality Management: Stakeholder Perceptions (TQM-SP) was developed by Currie, T. A. (1997). It is designed to measure Total Quality Management Perceptions. The scale is intended for use with Administrators, faculty, and support staff in postsecondary technical schools.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 37 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Leadership, Empowerment, Strategic Quality Planning, Human Resource Development.
| Factor / Subscale |
Items |
N |
| Leadership |
1,2,4,5,7,24,26,30,31 |
9 |
| Empowerment |
3,6,11,13,20,23,28,33,35,36 |
10 |
| Strategic Quality Planning |
8,10,12,14,15,22,29,34,37 |
9 |
| Human Resource Development |
9,16,17,18,19,21,25,27,32 |
9 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Strong disbelief, 2 = Disbelief, 3 = Moderate belief, 4 = Strong belief.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 37 to 148. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low perception of TQM implementation: 37 – 74
- Moderate perception of TQM implementation: 75 – 111
- High perception of TQM implementation: 112 – 148
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.92.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.