Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale – KAOP
Measures positive and negative attitudes toward elderly individuals.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale – KAOP was developed by Nathan Kogan (1961). It is designed to measure Attitudes toward old people. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 34 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Negative Attitudes (OP-), Positive Attitudes (OP+).
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Attitudes (OP-) | 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33 | 17 |
| Positive Attitudes (OP+) | 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34 | 17 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Slightly disagree, 4 = Neutral / No response, 5 = Slightly agree, 6 = Agree, 7 = Strongly agree.
The scale includes 17 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 34 to 238. Interpretation guidelines:
- Negative Attitude: 34 – 102
- Neutral Attitude: 103 – 170
- Positive Attitude: 171 – 238
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of .66 to .85.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.