Academic Persistence Outcome Expectations Scale – APOE
Measures college students' positive and negative outcome expectations regarding their continued enrollment in college.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Academic Persistence Outcome Expectations Scale – APOE was developed by Michael B. Kozlowski, Nadya A. Fouad (2023). It is designed to measure Academic Persistence Outcome Expectations. The scale is intended for use with College students.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 15 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Anticipated Punishments, Anticipated Rewards.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Anticipated Punishments | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 | 8 |
| Anticipated Rewards | 9,10,11,12,13,14,15 | 7 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Disagree, 2 = Somewhat Disagree, 3 = Not Sure, 4 = Somewhat Agree, 5 = Agree.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of McDonald's omega: 0.77-0.81 (Negative subscale), 0.85-0.88 (Positive subscale).
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.