Character Strengths and Entrepreneurial Alertness Model (CS-EAM)
Measures the relationship between character strengths (valor, industriousness, critical thinking) and dimensions of entrepreneurial alertness (scanning/search, association/connection, evaluation/judgment) in students and entrepreneurs.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Character Strengths and Entrepreneurial Alertness Model (CS-EAM) was developed by Homa Pirhadi, Sohrab Soleimanof, Alireza Feyzbakhsh (2023). It is designed to measure Character Strengths and Entrepreneurial Alertness. The scale is intended for use with Students and Entrepreneurs.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 36 items organized into 12 factors/subscales: Student – Valor, Student – Industriousness, Student – Critical thinking, Student – Scanning and search, Student – Association and connection, Student – Evaluation and judgment, Entrepreneur – Valor, Entrepreneur – Industriousness, Entrepreneur – Critical thinking, Entrepreneur – Scanning and search, Entrepreneur – Association and connection, Entrepreneur – Evaluation and judgment.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Student – Valor | 1,2,3 | 3 |
| Student – Industriousness | 4,5,6 | 3 |
| Student – Critical thinking | 7,8,9 | 3 |
| Student – Scanning and search | 10,11,12 | 3 |
| Student – Association and connection | 13,14,15 | 3 |
| Student – Evaluation and judgment | 16,17,18 | 3 |
| Entrepreneur – Valor | 19,20,21 | 3 |
| Entrepreneur – Industriousness | 22,23,24 | 3 |
| Entrepreneur – Critical thinking | 25,26,27 | 3 |
| Entrepreneur – Scanning and search | 28,29,30 | 3 |
| Entrepreneur – Association and connection | 31,32,33 | 3 |
| Entrepreneur – Evaluation and judgment | 34,35,36 | 3 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 3 to 21. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Strength/Alertness: 3 – 9
- Moderate Strength/Alertness: 10 – 15
- High Strength/Alertness: 16 – 21
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha: 0.74-0.87.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 8 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.