Current and Retrospective Cognitive Reserve Survey (2CR)
A multidimensional, life stage-dependent survey designed to measure cognitive reserve proxies in both current (later adulthood) and retrospective (younger adulthood) life stages.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Current and Retrospective Cognitive Reserve Survey (2CR) was developed by Erika Borella, Paolo Ghisletta, Elena Carbone, Stephen Aichele (2023). It is designed to measure Cognitive Reserve. The scale is intended for use with Older adults (aged 55 and older).
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 56 items organized into 8 factors/subscales: Socio-economic status, Family engagement, Leisure activity (Current), Social engagement (Current), Religious/spiritual activity (Current), Leisure activity (Retrospective), Social engagement (Retrospective), Religious/spiritual activity (Retrospective).
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Socio-economic status | 1,2,3,4 | 4 |
| Family engagement | 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 | 9 |
| Leisure activity (Current) | 14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22 | 9 |
| Social engagement (Current) | 23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31 | 9 |
| Religious/spiritual activity (Current) | 32,33,34,35 | 4 |
| Leisure activity (Retrospective) | 36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44 | 9 |
| Social engagement (Retrospective) | 45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52 | 8 |
| Religious/spiritual activity (Retrospective) | 53,54,55,56 | 4 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 0 = Never, 1 = Seldom (Yearly), 2 = Sometimes (Monthly), 3 = Often (Weekly), 4 = Always (Daily).
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of No data is available.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.