E-learning Satisfaction Model Inventory (ELSM)
Evaluates the roles of attitude, social influence, self-efficacy, sense of belonging, grit, usage, and performance in the context of e-learning portal utilization in higher education.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The E-learning Satisfaction Model Inventory (ELSM) was developed by Devisakti, A., & Ramayah, T. (2023). It is designed to measure E-learning satisfaction, grit, belonging, and usage. The scale is intended for use with Higher education students.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 30 items organized into 8 factors/subscales: Attitude, Instructor Influence, Peer Influence, Self-Efficacy, Sense of Belonging, Grit, Usage, Performance.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Attitude | 1,2,3 | 3 |
| Instructor Influence | 4,5,6 | 3 |
| Peer Influence | 7,8,9 | 3 |
| Self-Efficacy | 10,11,12,13 | 4 |
| Sense of Belonging | 14,15,16 | 3 |
| Grit | 17,18,19,20,21,22 | 6 |
| Usage | 23,24,25,26 | 4 |
| Performance | 27,28,29,30 | 4 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Slightly Disagree, 4 = Neutral, 5 = Slightly Agree, 6 = Agree, 7 = Strongly Agree (Note: Items 23-30 use a 1-5 scale).
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha ranged from .843 to .881 across subscales.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 8 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.