Beliefs about Hitting Scale
Measures adolescents' perceptions of their adult role models' attitudes toward fighting and non-violence.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Beliefs about Hitting Scale was developed by Pamela Orpinas (1993). It is designed to measure Perceived adult attitudes toward fighting. The scale is intended for use with Middle school students (grades 6-8).
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 4 items.
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 4 = All, 3 = Most, 2 = Few, 1 = None.
The scale includes 1 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 4 to 16. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low presence of non-violent adult role models: 4 – 8
- Moderate presence of non-violent adult role models: 9 – 12
- High presence of non-violent adult role models: 13 – 16
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 2 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.