Beck Depression Inventory – II (BDI-II)
A 21-item self-report instrument designed to measure the severity of depressive symptoms in adults and adolescents.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Beck Depression Inventory – II (BDI-II) was developed by Aaron T. Beck, Robert A. Steer, Gregory K. Brown (1996). It is designed to measure Depression severity. The scale is intended for use with Adults and adolescents (clinical and non-clinical).
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 21 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Cognitive-Affective, Somatic-Affective.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive-Affective | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 | 14 |
| Somatic-Affective | 15,16,17,18,19,20,21 | 7 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 0 = 0, 1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 3.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 0 to 63. Interpretation guidelines:
- Minimal depression: 0 – 13
- Mild depression: 14 – 19
- Moderate depression: 20 – 28
- Severe depression: 29 – 63
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha of approximately .92 for outpatients and .93 for college students.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.