Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory – CMNI
Measures conformity to various masculine gender role norms in Western society.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory – CMNI was developed by James R. Mahalik, Benjamin D. Locke, Larry H. Ludlow, Matthew A. Diemer, Marc Gottfried, Ryan P. Scott, Gary Freitas (2003). It is designed to measure Conformity to masculine norms. The scale is intended for use with Adult men.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 94 items organized into 11 factors/subscales: Winning, Emotional Control, Risk-Taking, Violence, Dominance, Playboy, Self-Reliance, Primacy of Work, Power Over Women, Disdain for Homosexuals, Pursuit of Status.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Winning | 2,12,22,31,39,48,54,67,75,89 | 10 |
| Emotional Control | 1,14,19,27,36,43,52,65,77,88,93 | 11 |
| Risk-Taking | 11,17,24,32,40,55,60,70,82,92 | 10 |
| Violence | 4,15,25,34,44,62,68,79 | 8 |
| Dominance | 6,18,69,94 | 4 |
| Playboy | 3,13,28,33,38,47,58,66,72,78,83,90 | 12 |
| Self-Reliance | 10,29,45,53,74,85 | 6 |
| Primacy of Work | 8,20,30,49,56,64,76,84 | 8 |
| Power Over Women | 9,21,35,46,57,61,71,81,86 | 9 |
| Disdain for Homosexuals | 5,16,23,37,42,51,63,73,80,91 | 10 |
| Pursuit of Status | 7,26,41,50,59,87 | 6 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 0 = Strongly Disagree, 1 = Disagree, 2 = Agree, 3 = Strongly Agree.
The scale includes 47 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Total score alpha = .94.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.