Multicultural Masculinity Ideology Scale – MMIS
Measures endorsement of traditional masculinity ideologies and male role norms.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Multicultural Masculinity Ideology Scale – MMIS was developed by Robert Brannon, Edward H. Thompson, Joseph H. Pleck (1985). It is designed to measure Masculinity Ideology. The scale is intended for use with Adults and adolescents.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 35 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Status and Achievement, Toughness and Emotional Restriction, Avoidance of Femininity, Hypersexuality and Relationship Norms.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Status and Achievement | 6,10,14,16,19,24,25,26 | 8 |
| Toughness and Emotional Restriction | 2,5,9,12,13,17,21,22,28,29,30,32,33,35 | 14 |
| Avoidance of Femininity | 1,3,7,15 | 4 |
| Hypersexuality and Relationship Norms | 4,8,11,18,20,23,27,31,34 | 9 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 11 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Item scores are averaged to produce a mean score.
Total scores range from 1 to 5. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology: 1 – 2
- Moderate endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology: 2 – 3
- High endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology: 3 – 5
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.