Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory – NEO-FFI
A 60-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the five major domains of personality: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory – NEO-FFI was developed by Paul T. Costa Jr. & Robert R. McCrae (1992). It is designed to measure Five-Factor Model of Personality. The scale is intended for use with Adults and adolescents.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 60 items organized into 5 factors/subscales: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroticism | 1,6,11,16,21,26,31,36,41,46,51,56 | 12 |
| Extraversion | 2,7,12,17,22,27,32,37,42,47,52,57 | 12 |
| Openness | 3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,53,58 | 12 |
| Agreeableness | 4,9,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49,54,59 | 12 |
| Conscientiousness | 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60 | 12 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 27 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 0 to 48. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low: 0 – 15
- Average: 16 – 32
- High: 33 – 48
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of N=0.79, E=0.79, O=0.80, A=0.75, C=0.83.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.