Open Four Temperaments Scales (O4TS)
A self-report instrument designed to measure the four classical personality temperaments: Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, and Phlegmatic.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Open Four Temperaments Scales (O4TS) was developed by Eric Jorgenson (2014). It is designed to measure Four Temperaments. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 48 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, Phlegmatic.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Sanguine | 4,8,10,14,18,25,28,30,33,35,37,39,47 | 13 |
| Choleric | 3,6,7,13,16,17,24,29,38,44,46,48 | 12 |
| Melancholic | 5,9,20,21,26,31,36,40,41,42,43 | 11 |
| Phlegmatic | 1,2,11,12,15,19,22,23,27,32,34,45 | 12 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 3 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 12 to 60. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Expression: 12 – 27
- Moderate Expression: 28 – 44
- High Expression: 45 – 60
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 8 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.