Synergistic Supervision Scale (SSS)
Measures the extent to which supervisor-supervisee relationships in student affairs exhibit collaborative, growth-oriented, and mutually beneficial characteristics.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Synergistic Supervision Scale (SSS) was developed by Roger B. Winston, Jr. & Don G. Creamer (1997). It is designed to measure Synergistic Supervision. The scale is intended for use with Student affairs professionals and higher education staff.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 22 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Joint Effort, Dual Focus.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Joint Effort | 1,2,3,5,7,8,10,11,12,14,16,17,19,21,22 | 15 |
| Dual Focus | 4,6,9,13,15,18,20 | 7 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = never or almost never, 2 = seldom, 3 = sometimes, 4 = often, 5 = always or almost always.
The scale includes 9 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 22 to 110. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Synergistic Supervision: 22 – 51
- Moderate Synergistic Supervision: 52 – 81
- High Synergistic Supervision: 82 – 110
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Alpha coefficients typically range from .90 to .96.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 8 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.