Pupil Control Ideology Form – PCI
Measures the pupil control ideology of educators, ranging from a custodial orientation to a humanistic orientation.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Pupil Control Ideology Form – PCI was developed by Donald J. Willower, Terry L. Eidell, and Wayne K. Hoy (1967). It is designed to measure Pupil Control Ideology. The scale is intended for use with Educators, teachers, and school administrators.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 20 items.
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 2 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 20 to 100. Interpretation guidelines:
- Humanistic Orientation (emphasizes student self-discipline and democratic relationships): 20 – 59
- Custodial Orientation (emphasizes strict control, order, and status differences): 60 – 100
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.91 to 0.95.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.