Problems at Work Questionnaire (PAW)
Measures a manager's orientation toward supporting autonomy versus controlling behavior in workplace scenarios.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Problems at Work Questionnaire (PAW) was developed by Edward L. Deci, James P. Connell, & Richard M. Ryan (1989). It is designed to measure Managerial Autonomy Support vs. Control. The scale is intended for use with Managers, supervisors, and organizational leaders.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 32 items organized into 4 factors/subscales: Highly Autonomy Supportive, Moderately Autonomy Supportive, Moderately Controlling, Highly Controlling.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Highly Autonomy Supportive | 2,5,11,13,18,23,28,29 | 8 |
| Moderately Autonomy Supportive | 4,7,10,15,20,21,26,31 | 8 |
| Moderately Controlling | 1,6,9,16,19,24,25,30 | 8 |
| Highly Controlling | 3,8,12,14,17,22,27,32 | 8 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Very inappropriate, 2 = Inappropriate, 3 = Slightly inappropriate, 4 = Moderately appropriate, 5 = Slightly appropriate, 6 = Appropriate, 7 = Very appropriate.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 1 to 7. Interpretation guidelines:
- Average score per subscale (higher scores indicate higher endorsement of that specific managerial style): 1 – 7
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Subscale alphas typically range from .70 to .85.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 15 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.