Family-of-Origin Scale (FOS)
Measures an individual's perception of the health of their family of origin across the dimensions of autonomy and intimacy.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Family-of-Origin Scale (FOS) was developed by Alan J. Hovestadt, William T. Anderson, Fred P. Piercy, Sam W. Cochran, Marshall Fine (1985). It is designed to measure Family-of-origin functioning. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 40 items organized into 10 factors/subscales: Clarity of Expression, Responsibility, Respect for Others, Openness to Others, Acceptance of Separation and Loss, Mood and Tone, Range of Feelings, Conflict Resolution, Empathy for Others, Trust.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Clarity of Expression | 9,16,24,34 | 4 |
| Responsibility | 5,11,18,38 | 4 |
| Respect for Others | 4,15,19,28 | 4 |
| Openness to Others | 6,14,23,37 | 4 |
| Acceptance of Separation and Loss | 10,20,25,36 | 4 |
| Mood and Tone | 2,22,29,40 | 4 |
| Range of Feelings | 1,12,32,39 | 4 |
| Conflict Resolution | 7,13,27,31 | 4 |
| Empathy for Others | 17,21,30,35 | 4 |
| Trust | 3,8,26,33 | 4 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 20 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 40 to 200. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low perceived family-of-origin health: 40 – 120
- Moderate perceived family-of-origin health: 121 – 160
- High perceived family-of-origin health: 161 – 200
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.