Family-of-Origin Scale (FOS)
Measures an individual's perception of the health of their family of origin across the dimensions of autonomy and intimacy.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Family-of-Origin Scale (FOS) was developed by Arthur J. Hovestadt, William T. Anderson, Fred P. Piercy, Samuel W. Cochran, & Marshall Fine (1985). It is designed to measure Family of Origin Functioning. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 40 items organized into 10 factors/subscales: Clarity of Expression, Responsibility, Respect for Others, Openness to Others, Acceptance of Separation and Loss, Mood and Tone, Range of Feelings, Conflict Resolution, Empathy for others, Trust.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Clarity of Expression | 9,16,24,34 | 4 |
| Responsibility | 5,11,18,38 | 4 |
| Respect for Others | 4,15,19,28 | 4 |
| Openness to Others | 6,14,23,37 | 4 |
| Acceptance of Separation and Loss | 10,20,25,36 | 4 |
| Mood and Tone | 2,22,29,40 | 4 |
| Range of Feelings | 1,12,32,39 | 4 |
| Conflict Resolution | 7,13,27,31 | 4 |
| Empathy for others | 17,21,30,35 | 4 |
| Trust | 3,8,26,33 | 4 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree).
The scale includes 20 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 40 to 200. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low perceived family health: 40 – 120
- Moderate perceived family health: 121 – 160
- High perceived family health: 161 – 200
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of High internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.