The Preoccupation and Impact Scale (PIS)
Measures the psychological preoccupation and life impact experienced by family members caring for an individual with concurrent mental health and substance use disorders.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The The Preoccupation and Impact Scale (PIS) was developed by O’Grady, C.P. & Skinner, W.J. (2007). It is designed to measure Caregiver burden, preoccupation, and life impact of concurrent disorders. The scale is intended for use with Family members and caregivers of individuals with concurrent disorders.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 15 items organized into 2 factors/subscales: Preoccupation, Impact.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Preoccupation | 1,3,4,5,8 | 5 |
| Impact | 2,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 | 10 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Agree, 4 = Strongly Agree, 0 = Don't Know.
The scale includes 3 reverse-scored items to reduce acquiescence bias.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Total scores range from 15 to 60. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Preoccupation and Impact: 15 – 30
- Moderate Preoccupation and Impact: 31 – 45
- High Preoccupation and Impact: 46 – 60
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Not specified.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.