Sport Motivation Scale – SMS-28
Measures multidimensional sport motivation including intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Sport Motivation Scale – SMS-28 was developed by Luc G. Pelletier, Michelle S. Fortier, Robert J. Vallerand, Nathalie M. Brière, Kim M. Tuson, Marc R. Blais (1995). It is designed to measure Sport Motivation. The scale is intended for use with Athletes and sport participants.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 28 items organized into 7 factors/subscales: Intrinsic motivation – to know, Intrinsic motivation – to accomplish, Intrinsic motivation – to experience stimulation, Extrinsic motivation – identified, Extrinsic motivation – introjected, Extrinsic motivation – external regulation, Amotivation.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Intrinsic motivation – to know | 2,4,23,27 | 4 |
| Intrinsic motivation – to accomplish | 8,12,15,20 | 4 |
| Intrinsic motivation – to experience stimulation | 1,13,18,25 | 4 |
| Extrinsic motivation – identified | 7,11,17,24 | 4 |
| Extrinsic motivation – introjected | 9,14,21,26 | 4 |
| Extrinsic motivation – external regulation | 6,10,16,22 | 4 |
| Amotivation | 3,5,19,28 | 4 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: 1 = Does not correspond at all, 2 = Corresponds a very little, 3 = Corresponds a little, 4 = Corresponds moderately, 5 = Corresponds enough, 6 = Corresponds a lot, 7 = Corresponds exactly.
Scoring
Items are scored by subscale, with each subscale sum representing a distinct dimension.
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of Cronbach's alpha typically ranges from 0.70 to 0.85 across subscales.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.