Ethnocentrism Scale – E-Scale
Measures ethnocentric attitudes, including prejudice against various minority groups and patriotic or nationalistic attitudes.
Scale Development & Technical Details
Scale Overview
The Ethnocentrism Scale – E-Scale was developed by T. W. Adorno, Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel J. Levinson, & R. Nevitt Sanford (1950). It is designed to measure Ethnocentrism. The scale is intended for use with Adults.
Scale Structure
This instrument consists of 20 items organized into 3 factors/subscales: Anti-Semitism, Anti-Black Prejudice, Patriotism and Other Minorities.
| Factor / Subscale | Items | N |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-Semitism | 1,2,3,4,5,6 | 6 |
| Anti-Black Prejudice | 7,8,9,10,11,12 | 6 |
| Patriotism and Other Minorities | 13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 | 8 |
Response Format
Respondents rate each item using a custom response format.
Response anchors: +3 = Complete agreement, +2 = Moderate agreement, +1 = Slight agreement, -1 = Slight disagreement, -2 = Moderate disagreement, -3 = Complete disagreement.
Scoring
Items are summed to produce a total score.
Total scores range from 20 to 120. Interpretation guidelines:
- Low Ethnocentrism: 20 – 53
- Moderate Ethnocentrism: 54 – 86
- High Ethnocentrism: 87 – 120
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency: The scale has demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency with reported Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.91.
Administration
The scale is self-administered and typically takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. It can be administered individually or in group settings. No special training is required for administration.